Customer Description: The class is called Economic History in the United States, and the research paper is a general survey from discovery of America to present. Investigate European economic background, westward movement and its effects, development of economic institutions in the United States.

Paper Body:

Economics plays an important role in the life of every country and every individual because it has great influence on political situation, industry, business and on many other spheres. We can't imagine our life without it. It is as essential in our society as humanity itself. 
Everybody knows that any changes in economic system led to the success or failure of business let alone to the consequences for the whole country. 

The knowledge of economic history allows to choose from numerous models of market economics the one that best conforms to the conditions of each country, taking into account advantages and disadvantages of different economic systems. In order to do it one should have deep knowledge of economic systems, forms and methods of state regulation of economics during all world history. 

The main task of this research is to observe the development of American economics and its influence on the life of other countries. Firstly I'd like to make a survey of the American history from the days of its discovery as, in my opinion, the economic history of the country is closely connected with it. 

It is important to note that the 16-17th centuries in the evolution of European civilization were the period of change from feudal to industrial society. The beginning of new history started with English bourgeois revolution. At the end of 15th - at the beginning of 16th centuries geographical discoveries played a great role in economic development of West Europe. The most famous discovery belongs to Columbus who discovered America in 1492. As a matter of fact the history of America dates back to that day. 

No doubt that geographical discoveries were of significant importance. They led to reconstruction of European economic relations and connections among the most distant regions, lands and peoples of different cultures. Thus the formation of world market as a component of industrial economics began. 

The direct result of the discoveries was the foundation of colonial system. Colonizers took numerous treasures from those who lived in colonies and it was the reason for promotion of economics of European countries. Considerable progress was observed in the sphere of circulation and allocation. Simple commodity production grew into marketable. International labor division appeared as well as the formation of national, European and world goods and money markets. Radical changes were made in world trade. 

It is a well-known fact that in the 16th century the colonization of South America started. England was the first to do it. It founded 13 colonies on Atlantic coast. But English government tried to slow down the development of those branches that made competition for English industry. This situation led to the War of Independence, which ended in a victory of American colonies. In 1776 Americans declared their independence and proclaimed the independent federal state - the United States of America. 

This war was at the same time a bourgeois revolution, which accelerated industry development and trade. 
The 16-18th centuries - the final period of national market formation. During it trade development caused the growth of banking and credit. Besides English financial capital dominated over business world of that time. The epoch of industrial overturn began. 
American industrial revolution was the part of development of world industrial economy, its initial stage began only after the Anglo-American war of 1812-1815. Industrial overturn started in the conditions of non-formed system of manufacturing production, considerable development of handy craft and home industry. Mechanization and factory construction began in textile industry. The first cotton factory was built in 1790. In 1860 American cotton industry that counted 5,2mln of mechanical spindles, took second place in the world production volume after English. 

In the 20-30s years of the 19th century mass mechanization of cloth, spirit, sugar, and tobacco industries was extended. The first steel and rolling factories were built in 1816; however total production volume of ferrous metals was insufficient. That was the reason that the USA had to import iron from Sweden and Russia. 

Revolutionized importance for development of American industry was industrial overturn in transport. Main roads were started to build. In 1807 the first ship in the world appeared on Hudson River. Great economy significance was the construction of canals, and the first railway Baltimore - Ohio began to operate in 1850. As for machine building it developed slowly. The first factory for production of steam machines was constructed in 1803 in Philadelphia. However, American industry continued to work mostly on English machines at the beginning of the 19th century. 

In the 50s years of the 19th century factory system was dominated over the industry of North-Eastern part of the United States. The volume of industrial products from 1827 to 1860 had increased 8 times, and investments went up from fifty million to one billion dollars. The USA took the first place in the world after Great Britain for production. However, industrial overturn had finished only in the North where 75% of industrial production was made. Contrary, the South was an obstacle for industrialization of the country. This led to the conflict between the North and the South. 

The Civil War (1861-1865), which was at the same time a bourgeois revolution, finished with a victory of the North. From the 1st of January 1863 slavery was abolished on the territory of the South as well as political and economical separation of the United States. Favorable conditions for development of home market were created. In the 60-80s years industrial overturn finished on the whole territory of the USA. The most advantageous period for economics was the period of industrial rise in 1867-1873...
 

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