Customer Description: Investigate the issues of women`s responsibility in modern society. Pick up the historical feminism base and defend the equal rights approach to the problem. The underlined points should be supported by known philosophers.

Paper Body:

The modern Western philosophy at the certain stage has appeared closely connected not only to a problems of feminism but has found the brightest and adequate expression in it. It is the problem of correlation of postmodernism, as specifically wide definition of modern culture and philosophy, and feminism that gives a material for the most unexpected conclusions as for example as British author K.Widon wrote: "It is a way of producing of knowledge, which uses poststructural theories of language, subjectivity of social processes and institutes for understanding of the existing relations of authority and for definition of areas and strategy of change the place of people in the world." 

Before that the postclassic philosophy, trying to find a new theme new style or new method for new philosophy, implicitly addressed to the analysis of sexuality. But only philosophy of postmodern has made it by an obvious image. Such position has received reflection in so-called gender approach. 

The world community has addressed rather recently to the "gender approach". Only in last thirty years they began to operate with such concept, as "gender", or " a social sex", and actively develop the concept of mutual relation of the men and women as socially organized groups with the interests and features. Thus, it was possible to overcome centuries-old representation about the men and women as only biological essences, whose are offered only "to protect and to be at war", or " to reproduce the children". Sexes are recognized to have maximum social function, status, and determined behavioral stereotypes. This recognition was especially important for the women. 

In any sphere of human activity - whether it be sports, science, industry, politics or the art - always exists two sights, two types of the relations and reactions - man's and female ones. The men and the women perceive and acquire the information differently, differently decide problems and see the reality, differently serve to a society. These approaches always coexist and never should be in confrontation. The people have three main areas of ability to live - family, job, civil life, and three main parts - member of a family, worker, citizen. So it is in above lined areas there people suffer from most severe problems they have.

Fifty, even 20 years back on the woman, which consciously has decided to not have children, would look at the best as on strange, in worse - they would be outlaw. According to one of the researchers, they "broke taboo". Really, not so long before pressure of a society compelled many from those women, which doubted of the ability to feel parents emotions to become the unhappy mothers necessarily. Now this pressure has not disappeared absolutely, but gradually has reduced. Now they perceive the motherhood as the choice, instead of as on applicability, and those few women, which choose childlessness. 

By results of one of calculations, from 3 up to 6 percents of the married women, do not meet former animosities and in many cases even can meet a support. Instead of a word with a negative meaning "childless" now is even more often used "free from children" (child-free). This definition describes the relation of the women to that life, they have selected more exactly. 

The former biases disappear, that the women who have not wanted to have children are egocentric, puerile persons, have nasty character, that they are unhappy people. Serious check of correctness of the accepted decision to not have children women have to pass in later age, when all its negative consequences can be found out. The doctor of philosophy clinical and adjunct-professor of Northwest University in Chicago says, she have met in practice there were many women is more senior, which have felt lonely and isolated from others before of old age without children.

There is one more aspect of relations between sexes: the cohabitation without the introduction into a marriage. On the data of 1990, 2,9 million pairs in USA have said, that they live together without official registration of the relations. Why it happens? In many cases such attitudes justify themselves. For some the joint residing becomes check on compatibility, temporary test of feelings. For others it is final variant. Some of the wives, especially once or two times unsuccessfully marrying, who are not going to get children, find such attitudes best variant for themselves.

As any other kind of the relations, the cohabitation has minuses: the doctor of philosophy Irice Sangualiano notes that cohabitation itself assumes less obligations to each other, there is a different degree of uncertainty and vulnerability that sometimes can be exciting, and sometimes frightening. There is always a danger that not-registered union will break up. There is "the syndrome of cohabitation" when the man and woman conduct "parallel" lives, they are not cooperating in the social plan really. They do not feel the certain responsibility for each other. Insufficiency of this responsibility has an effect in the most different spheres of their lives. 

"The freedom and equality" between sexes declared by many official acts, remain only on a paper, and in a reality less "advanced" sex meet with severe problems: unemployment, lack of money, dependence. Thus the traditional role of a nurse of children and housewife is saved in the full measure for women. On the other hand, the economic changes have resulted that some part of the women, initiative and qualified received access to new spheres - private business, for example. Simultaneously "dominant" social sex - the men have adapted to new conditions not in the full volume. In a number of cities such phenomenon, as an exchange of social roles was designated sharply: the women have begun to earn money and to feed family, and the men have to cook. Somewhat this is that equality, which want to achieve the supporters of the extreme points of view. But this is not correct position because it is too hard for most of man to be a passive part of family and such situation leads to the disharmony and impairment of relations between man and woman. 

As the introduction of gender principles in life is connected with the fragile of settled representations, it is impossible to expect, that there it will be very quickly and easy on the level of macrosocium. In this connection there is a extremely importance of question of the rights and division of the responsibility of sexes. Very often, the problems caused by direct discrimination rise, especially in the countries with transitive economic. In spite of the fact that "the female methods" and "the female approach" in many cases can appear more effective, than man's, traditional, they have not even a chance to be shown. There is a steady correlation between a level of development of the country and role of the women in structure of management and authority and also degree of display of sexual stereotypes. The similarity of semantic spaces of cultures acts as the measure of similarity of gender stereotypes of various cultures. 

The distinctions between factor structures determined on the basis of the same sex are expressed in a much more degree, than distinction between factor structures determined on the basis of the same country. The institute of psychosemantic carries out researches of estimations of role positions in the USA and less developed countries. There were revealed next results: if on the first place (reflecting the subjective importance) in less developed countries sample the factor of acceptance of patriarchal role of the woman (denying herself as the woman) was has appeared, in the American sample there was most important factor of emancipation. 

This result confirms the hypothesis that the stereotypes of female behavior in the more great degree are determined by culture, instead of gender. In other words, stereotypes, the requirements showed to those or other female roles by the representatives of the same country, men and women, have much more general, than stereotypes only of women from different cultures (if to compare among themselves). "The housewife can operate by the state".

This famous statement the gender approach reframes with positive meaning today. You can see in the transitive period the women provide a merit of an economic survival of family. To reduce the ends with the ends, they should find the additional incomes, to improve the economy, to borrow means, to search for job. It is necessary to notice, that as the women spend to manage the home more time, than men, they have undertaken searches of resources for a survival. Necessity to support and to dress family has forced "a weak sex" to involve all social - related communications to support the family. It is possible only to assume scales of changes, if "housewives" have allowed though to show potential of social activity …

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